Introduction to Smartphone Graphic Design(SGD)

 


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Introduction to Graphic Design
Graphic design is the craft of planning and creating visual content to communicate ideas and messages.
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Graphic design is the art or profession of visual communication that combines images, words and ideas to convey information to an audience.

Graphic design is also known as communication design and graphic designers are at times known as visual communicators.
Graphic design helps to bring visual concepts to life, most commonly through graphic design software, and to inform or engage consumers through text, graphics and images.
Graphic design is everywhere you look, from posters to billboards, cereal boxes, websites and mobile apps......

To fully grasp the meaning and concept of graphic design, it's very important to have a solid understanding of the elements and principles that make up a graphic design.


Elements of Graphic Design
The elements of art are the basic units of any visual design that form the design's structure and convey its visual messages. The elements of graphic design are;

1. Line: A line is simply an element of design that is defined by a point moving in space. This is the most basic of the elements of design. Lines can be curved, straight, thick, thin, two- dimensional, three- dimensional.

2. Colour: Colour is one of the most important elements because it's significant in attracting attention to any design. Colours are important because there is a psychology behind the feelings that colour can evoke. There are three(3) main characteristics of colour: Hue(the colour family), Value(how light or dark the colour is), and Saturation(the purity of the colour).

3. Shape: A shape is a two-dimensional defined area created by lines. The different types of shapes include Geometric, Abstract, and Organic shapes, all of which are basic elements of design.

4. Space: Space refers to the areas of the design that are left blank. These areas include any distance or areas between, around, below, or above other design elements. There is always a calculated attempt by designers to intentionally place spaces in their designs to add emphasis to certain areas of the design.

5. Texture: Texture in design refers to how things look like they would feel if they were to be touched. Texture can be rough, smooth, glossy, soft, hard etc. Texture as an element of design is also used to draw attention. Texture can be added to other elements like Shapes, Colours, Images and Typography.

6. Typography: This is termed the art of arranging texts. This element is critically important as it can greatly affect the message the design is to communicate. Different weights (bold, regular, or light), combined with varied sizing, colours, and spacing can add power to the concept the designer is trying to communicate.

7. Size: This simply means how small or large something is. In graphic design, size is used as an indication of importance and it can also create visual interest in a design by using contrasting sizes.


Principles Of Graphic Design
The principles of design suggest how the designer should best arrange the various components of a page layout to ensure the elements of the overall design are connected. The principles of graphic design include;

1. Contrast: This refers to the difference between the elements in your design. This means, in a colour that if you use a dark colour in one element, the other graphic design elements need to be in a light colour to easily be able to differentiate from the other.
For example, if you create a design with text, and the background of your design is Dark, then the text colour needs to be a light colour to make it easier to read.
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2. Balance: As a graphic designer, you need to know that every element you place in your design weighs it, and it can come from colour, size, or texture.
Balance simply refers to how you put these elements in your design and avoid putting all your heavy elements in the same place.
There are two(2) types of balance; 📍Symmetrical, which creates balance by aligning equally weighted elements.
📍Asymmetrical is the opposite, you align a heavy element with lighter ones to create a contrast effect.
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3. Emphasis: This refers to the importance of the elements in your design, and what order they should have on it. This principle states that the most important information that you need to show in your design must be the first thing the people see in your project.
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4. Repetition: This is a great tool to reinforce an idea you want to transmit through your design and it also helps to unify your project, you can use this principle in different elements like Colour, Typefaces, Shapes and other graphic design elements.
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5. Proportion: This is one of the easiest principles to understand. This principle simply refers to the size of elements to one another in the design. Larger elements are easier to see in design than smaller ones and by this principle, larger elements are more significant than smaller elements.
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6. Hierarchy: This principle states that the most important elements in your design also should appear to be the most important, this helps people who will see your design understand better what is the most important element.
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7. Rhythm: This can be understood easily by using Music as an example, when you are repeating elements in your design this creates spaces between these elements, and this creates a visual rhythm as it happens in musical compositions. There are five(5) types of visual: Random, Regular, Alternating, Flowing, and Progressive.
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8. Pattern: This refers to the repetition of multiple graphic elements on your design working together to create an eye-catching and harmonious design.
This principle also refers to how design elements are designed in a project and set a standard to easily communicate your ideas.
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9. White Space: This is also known as Negative space, and it refers to the area of a design that is empty and does not include any design elements. White space is a really important element of design. As a designer, you need to your design elements space to breathe and easily differentiate them from other elements.
White spaces are also used in Logo design to create hidden images on it and give more information about your brand which also helps to avoid saturating it.
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10. Movement: This principle refers to how the human eye interacts with your design, and the most important element in your design must be the first thing people see, After seeing it your design needs to lead the viewer to the next most important element.
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11. Variety: This principle is used in design to create visual interest in the viewer and it can be created with different elements like Colour, Images, Shapes, Typography and many more. By using this principle, we avoid creating a monotonous design and lose the interest of the viewer.
Another thing you should know as a designer is to be very careful not to overload your design and create chaos.
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12. Unity: This principle refers to how well all the other elements used in your design work together, they should have a clear relationship and communication. This will cause your design to look more organised and every element on it will be related to each other.
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Colour Typography

Let me now show you all you need to know about colour, colour typography and colour theory which will help you choose the best colour palette for your designs. Colours play a very huge role in Graphic Design because every colour has its meaning and gives out different feelings.

If you check any graphic design work you begin to think of why the designer decided to use those colours. Colours are chosen from the primary colour making it easy to transmit what feeling they want to give out with the design, but then you will need to choose more colours to work within the design and those colours you can choose using the Color Wheel Theory because not all colours can be put together and you need to understand how the colours interact with each other.

Primary Colours: These are the Prime colours. These colours are the source to create the other colours, so you can think of these colours as Parent colours.

The three(3) Primary Colours are:
° Red
° Blue
° Yellow

Secondary Colours: These are the colours created by the combination of two primary colours.
Secondary colours can only be formed with the purest form of each primary colour, and this term is known as a Hue. The three(3) secondary colours are Orange, Green, and Blue.
These can be created by putting together these primary colours:

° Yellow + Blue = Green
° Blue + Red = Purple
° Red + Yellow = Orange

Tertiary Colours: These colours are formed by the combination of primary and secondary colours, but know this, not all primary colours can be combined with all secondary colours. You will have to choose two(2) colours that come next to them on the colour wheel so you can obtain a Tertiary Colour.

° Red + Purple = Red-Purple (magenta)
° Red + Orange = Red-Orange (vermillion)
° Blue + Purple = Blue-Purple (violet)
° Blue + Green = Blue-Green (teal)
° Yellow + Orange = Yellow-Orange (amber)
° Yellow - Green = Yellow-Green (chartreuse)


Explanation of Colour Wheel
Created in 1666 by Sir Isaac Newton, the colour wheel is a schematic way to mix different colours appropriately.

We can define the Colour Wheel as a tool that you combines and put together appropriate colours. It is represented by a circle formed by Primary, Secondary and Tertiary colours where you can how the different colours interact with each other.

Hue: This word is used to refer to the standard set of colours in their purest form and as you can see on the colour spectrum, the six(6) primary and secondary colours have Hue, and not all colours have Hue as white and black.

Shade: Refers to the colour that you get by adding black to any of the hues.

Tint: This is the opposite of shade, as the tint is the colour that you get by adding white to any hue, and any colour has a range of shades and tints.

Tone: This is a colour that results from the mixing of a pure colour(hue) with any neutral/ grayscale colour including black, and white. This definition also goes to say that, all shades and tints are to be toned.



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